ADMM-Based Two-Tier Distributed Collaborative Allocation Planning for Shared Energy Storage Capacity in Microgrid Cluster

Shared energy storage (SES) systems, operating alongside microgrid clusters, can effectively mitigate power fluctuations and reduce the operational costs of independently constructed energy storage systems. Consequently, capacity allocation planning for SES in microgrid clusters has emerged as a crucial technology for achieving the system’s economical and efficient operation. This paper presents a two-layer optimal allocation model utilizing the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMMs) to characterize system operation precisely. By establishing a refined mathematical model of a microgrid cluster with SES and analyzing the energy flow interaction mechanisms inside the cluster, along with the configuration scheme for SES capacity. The upper layer optimization of the model minimizes operational and maintenance investment costs associated with designing the capacity of SES, while the lower layer model optimizes the operation scheduling with the goal of the lowest operation cost. To illustrate the efficacy and benefits of the proposed method, case studies are conducted in different scenarios comparing the proposed method with the conventional method to analyze the power distribution features of the microgrid and the allocation planning of shared energy storage capacity.