Piezoelectric properties of AC poled Mn-doped ternary system single crystals grown by continuous-feeding Bridgman method

We investigated single crystals (SCs) of Mn-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3 - Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 - PbTiO3 ternary system with high mechanical quality factor (Qm) in DC poling (DCP) and AC poling (ACP). These SCs were prepared using the Bridgman method, which is a continuous feed of raw materials capable of exhibiting excellent uniformity in composition and properties. Compared to DCP SCs, the ACP SCs exhibited a 37% improvement in piezoelectric constant (d33) of 1850 pC/N, an increase of 19°C phase change temperature (Tpc) of 125°C, and a large QmA obtained from resonant frequency fr of admittance curve of 750. The Figure of merit (FOM)-1, calculated as d33 multiplied by g33, was 74 pm²/N, and the FOM-2, calculated as FOM-1 multiplied by QmA, was 55750. These values are the highest ever reported for piezoelectric materials with d33 > 1800 pC/N. These results are ideal for industrial devices that require high reliability and high-power operation.