Optimized Multi-Dimensional Framework for Equity Investment DCF Modeling in the Primary Market

Cash flow discount (DCF) method is widely used in the enterprise valuation in the primary equity market. With unstable cash flow, large capital needs, and environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors becoming increasingly important, the traditional DCF model is difficult to accurately assess the value of such enterprises. This study constructs a comprehensive multidimensional framework to improve the DCF model. The framework adjusts for the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), long-term growth rate (g) key elements, and takes the ESG criteria into account. Specifically, the WACC is recalibrated by incorporating industry-specific risk premiums, optimizing the final value growth rate in combination with macroeconomic trends, and incorporating ESG ratings into cash flow forecasts. After case analysis and empirical data validation, these optimizations have significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of DCF evaluation in the primary market. The findings highlight the importance of integrated valuation strategies in the field of sustainable investment. This paper provides practical guidance for investors to deal with the problem of early equity investment, and enriches the valuation research results.