Assessment of Ethylene Glycol Toxicity on Liver, Spleen and Reproductive Organs

Abstract Background Ethylene glycol (EG) is a widely used organic compound found in various consumer products. Due to its accessibility, EG ingestion has led to numerous cases of poisoning. While its effects on the central nervous, cardiopulmonary, and renal systems are well-documented, limited research has explored its impact on other organs. This study investigates the effects of EG exposure on the liver, spleen, and male reproductive organs (testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostate) in Wistar rats. Rats were administered 0.75% EG orally for 12 hours daily over a 28-day period and compared to untreated controls. Results Histopathological analysis revealed that prolonged low-dose EG exposure induced notable changes in several organs. Liver tissues showed dilated sinusoids, hepatocyte necrosis, and vacuolization. Testicular tissue exhibited vacuolization, sloughing of germ cells, germ cell death, and disruption of the germinal epithelium. In the prostate, blood congestion was observed. In contrast, no significant histological changes were noted in the spleen, epididymis, or seminal vesicles. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that even at low concentrations, repeated EG exposure can adversely affect the liver and components of the male reproductive system. The results underscore the need for increased monitoring and regulation of EG, particularly in occupational and environmental settings where long-term, low-level exposure may occur.