Effect Pore Structure of Nanoporous Material and Prospect on Daily Applications

Nanoporous materials with tunable pore structures and exceptional physicochemical properties become a pivotal component in material science, driving advancements in filtration, catalysis, and environmental remediation. This study focuses on the intrinsic relationship between pore structure (size, shape, connectivity, and distribution) and the macroscopic performance of nanoporous materials. Key research indicates that micropores could improve small-molecule adsorption, mesopores (2–50 nm) optimize catalytic efficiency, and macropores (>50 nm) facilitate rapid mass transport. Ordered pore structures improve directional diffusion, while disordered pores offer abundant adsorption sites. Advanced methods such as template-assisted synthesis and microwave heating allow for precise arrangement over pore structures achieving high specific surface areas (up to 3000 m²/g) and tailored functionalities. Challenges in pore uniformity, scalable synthesis, and mechanical stability were identified, alongside solutions like interdisciplinary optimization and eco-friendly techniques. This work provides theoretical insights and practical guidelines for designing high-performance nanoporous materials, fostering their application in addressing global energy and environmental challenges.