A Species Population Iteration Model-Based Study on Ecosystem Stability and Sustainable Agriculture During Forest-to-Farmland Transition

Deforestation for agriculture disrupts ecological balance, leading to biodiversity loss and pest invasions. To address this, we establish four models to analyze the transition from forest to farmland and propose sustainable farming practices. The Food Web Model depicts inter-species relationships post-deforestation. The Species Population Iteration Model, based on the Lotka-Volterra Equations, simulates species dynamics considering agricultural cycles and chemical influences. The Stability Evaluation Model, using AHP, quantifies the impact of species interactions and chemical use. The Economy and Sustainability Integrated Model, employing Multi-Objective Optimization, balances ecological sustainability and economic performance. Results show that introducing Vicia sepium and magpies reduces vermin populations without affecting wheat yield. Bats further stabilize the ecosystem, increasing wheat production by 37.5%. Removing pesticides and herbicides allows the system to achieve organic equilibrium, optimizing sustainability with a function value of 64.56. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of our model. While our approach provides valuable insights, future research should consider population structures and long-term biodiversity metrics for improved predictions.