A Review of Single-Carrier Underwater Acoustic Communication Equalization Techniques

Single-carrier underwater acoustic communication equalization techniques play a significant role in marine environmental monitoring, environmental detection, and military defense. This paper provides a review of conventional and iterative equalization techniques in single-carrier underwater acoustic communication systems. First, conventional equalization techniques, including linear equalization and decision feedback equalization (DFE), are introduced, and their applications in low computational complexity and mild interference environments are discussed. Subsequently, the paper focuses on iterative equalization techniques, particularly Turbo equalization, iterative adaptive equalization, and MIMO systems, emphasizing their advantages in signal recovery under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions and their potential in handling time-varying channels and improving system capacity. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations of existing technologies and envisions the future development of underwater acoustic communication equalization techniques through the integration of optimization algorithms and machine learning. It provides new research directions for the optimization of single-carrier underwater acoustic communication equalization techniques.