A Rare Case of Arnold Chiari – 2 Anomaly

Introduction: Arnold–Chiari malformations represent structural defects of the hindbrain, first characterized by Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari in the late 19th century. These anomalies involve the posterior cranial fossa and its neural structures, including the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Type 2 Chiari malformation is a relatively frequent congenital defect characterized by a beaked midbrain, caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and vermis, and an associated spinal myelomeningocele.  Case Report: We describe an unbooked 20-year-old primigravida presenting at approximately 6 months of amenorrhea with decreased fetal movements and abdominal pain. Antenatal ultrasound revealed lumbosacral spina bifida with features consistent with Arnold–Chiari type 2 malformation. Following counseling, pregnancy termination was performed, and the fetus demonstrated myelomeningocele with hydrocephalus on gross examination.