Developing an Optimal Governance Model with a Resistance Economy Approach (Case Study: National Water Organization)

This study aims to develop an optimal governance model with a resistance economy approach for the National Water Organization to enhance institutional resilience, structural efficiency, and the realization of indigenous principles of resilient governance. This research employed an exploratory mixed-methods design consisting of qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, using grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts in governance and water management. The data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA software. In the quantitative phase, a descriptive-correlational design was applied. A researcher-developed questionnaire, based on qualitative findings, was distributed among 351 participants selected through stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) via LISREL 8.8 software. The results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the measurement model had an acceptable fit, confirming the validity and significance of all seven key components: participation, accountability, transparency, justice, rule of law, responsibility, and efficiency-effectiveness. The structural model was statistically supported and theoretically sound. The proposed model offers a practical and contextually grounded framework for strengthening governance in service-oriented organizations under sanctions and economic crises, contributing to the structural resilience and policymaking efficiency of the National Water Organization.