Light-Emitting Diode [LED]-Driven Mechanisms for Postharvest Decay Control and Functional Quality Improvement in Fruits and Vegetables

Postharvest losses due to fungal decay pose a significant challenge to global fruit and vegetable production, especially in regions where rot pathogens are prevalent. Traditional control methods rely heavily on synthetic fungicides, which are increasingly criticized for their environmental risks, human health concerns, and their role in fostering pathogen resistance. These issues underscore the urgent need for sustainable, residue-free alternatives that not only manage postharvest diseases but also enhance produce quality. Light-emitting diode [LED] technology has emerged as a promising, eco-friendly solution capable of modulating plant physiological responses through specific light wavelengths. However, the exact defense mechanisms activated by LED exposure in postharvest decay control and nutritional enhancement remain underexplored. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent findings on LED-induced control of fungal decay, focusing on how LED treatments modulate pathogen–fruit interactions, activate innate defense pathways, regulate gene networks linked to defense and nutritional traits, and contribute to improved fruit and vegetable quality and health benefits.