Enhanced Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nano-Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂)-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Counter Electrode

Abstract This research synthesized and characterized a nanocomposite of titanium dioxide decorated with reduced grapheme oxide (TiO₂-rGO) using a modified Hummers method. The sample was analyzed using multiple techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Elemental spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical properties of the solar cell were also measured using current density–voltage (J–V) curves and electrochemical alternating current impedance (EIS) analysis. This composite was used as the counter electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), and the results showed significant improvement in the counter electrode properties and an increase in the solar energy conversion efficiency of 3,406%. These findings suggest that TiO₂-rGO can be considered a good non-metallic candidate as an efficient alternative to the counter electrode in DSSCs.