Optimal Scheduling of Electricity–Hydrogen–Heat Integrated Energy System Considering Electrolyzer Dynamic Temperature and Pipeline Network Heat Storage

To leverage the complementary advantages of hydrogen, electricity, and heat, this paper proposes a coordinated optimization scheduling method for an integrated electricity–hydrogen–heat energy system, considering the dynamic operating temperature of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers and the thermal storage capacity of pipeline networks. First, a refined PEM operational model is established by analyzing its hydrogen production efficiency and temperature characteristics under fluctuating power scenarios. On this basis, a comprehensive hydrogen lifecycle model is established, encompassing production, storage, and utilization. On the thermal supply side, a quantitative pipeline network thermal storage model is constructed using a fictitious node method to further explore the system’s flexibility potential. Finally, to achieve optimal economic performance and maximize the utilization of wind and solar energy, an integrated optimization scheduling model is formulated, considering the operational constraints of all devices. Case study results demonstrate that PEM electrolyzers can convert excess electricity into stored heat at the cost of reduced hydrogen production efficiency, effectively facilitating energy flow coordination. Moreover, the thermal storage capability of the pipeline network enhances the system’s overall heat regulation capacity, maintaining PEM hydrogen production efficiency and promoting the local consumption of renewable energy.