Thermal and kinematic properties of ejecta in SN1987A revealed by XRISM

We present an analysis of high-resolution spectra from the shock-heated plasmas in SN 1987A, based on an observation using the Resolve instrument onboard the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). The 1.7–10 keV Resolve spectra are accurately represented by a single-component, plane-parallel shock plasma model, with a temperature of 2.84-0.08+0.09 keV and an ionization parameter of 2.64-0.45+0.58 × 10¹¹\,\, s\,\, cm⁻³. The Resolve spectra are also well reproduced by the 3D magneto-hydrodynamic simulation presented by Orlando et al. (2020, A&A, 636, A22) suggesting substantial contribution from the ejecta. The metal abundances obtained with Resolve align with the Large Magellanic Cloud value, indicating that the X-rays in 2024 originate from “non-metal-rich” shock-heated ejecta and the reverse shock has not reached the inner metal-rich region of ejecta. Doppler widths of the atomic lines from Si, S, and Fe correspond to velocities of 1500–1700 km s⁻¹, where the thermal broadening effects in this non-metal-rich plasma are negligible. Therefore, the line broadening seen in Resolve spectra is determined by the large bulk motion of ejecta. For reference, we determined a $90%$ upper limit on non-thermal emission from a pulsar wind nebula at 4.3 × 10⁻¹³ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹ in the 2–10 keV range, aligning with NuSTAR findings by Greco et al. (2022, ApJ, 931, 132). Additionally, we searched for the ⁴⁴Sc K line feature and found a 1σ upper limit of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ photons cm⁻² s⁻¹, which translates to an initial ⁴⁴Ti mass of approximately 2 × 10⁻⁴\, M, consistent with previous X-ray to soft gamma-ray observations (Boggs et al. 2015, Science, 348, 670; Grebenev et al. 2012, Nature, 490, 373; Leising 2006, ApJ, 651, 1019).