Effects of Dietary Rhodotorula mucilaginosa on Muscle Composition, Serum Biochemical Indicators, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Metabolism, and mTOR Signaling Pathway in Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricanatus)

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with varying levels (CK: 0.0 g/kg; RL: 0.1 g/kg; RM: 1.0 g/kg; RH: 10.0 g/kg) of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa on muscle composition, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and the mTOR signaling pathway in red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). Results showed that, compared to CK, treatment groups had higher muscle crude protein, fat, leucine, histidine, arginine, and essential amino acids (p < 0.05), and lower saturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). Treatment groups also exhibited increased activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lysozyme, albumin, total protein, and antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05), with reduced activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and triglycerides (p < 0.05). In the hepatopancreas, treatment groups showed significant downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase α, β, and γ, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 genes (p < 0.05). Conversely, genes involved in lipid anabolism (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin 1 and 2) were upregulated (p < 0.05). In conclusion, R. mucilaginosa supplementation affects muscle composition, lipid metabolism, and mTOR signaling. The optimal dose is 1.0 g/kg.