Phytochemical Screening of an Ethanolic Extract of Spathodea campanulata Leaf using GC-MS and LC-MS Technology

The African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata), an invasive alien species, poses a significant ecological threat while offering pharmacological and medicinal opportunities. This study utilizes GC-MS and LC-MS analytical techniques to investigate the bioactive compounds present in the leaves of S. campanulata from Southern Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. GC-MS identified three volatile compounds: benzenesulfonamide, 3,4-furandicarboxylic acid, and a flavonoid, while LC-MS revealed five non-volatile compounds, including alkaloids and flavonoids such as kaempferol. Despite a simpler phytochemical profile than other medicinal plants, the identified compounds exhibit potent biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic properties. Additionally, two novel compounds were discovered, highlighting the untapped chemical diversity of this species. The findings underscore S. campanulata's dual potential for conservation management and pharmaceutical development. Leveraging its bioactive compounds could be utilized to address critical health challenges, including drug-resistant infections and chronic diseases. Future research should prioritize evaluating these compounds' biological activities through pre-clinical and clinical studies to unlock their full therapeutic potential. This work advances the understanding of invasive species' ecological and medicinal roles, providing a pathway for sustainable utilization while mitigating their environmental impact.