Multivariate analysis shows combined pepsinogen, gastrin-17, and 13C-UBT enhances chronic gastritis diagnosis in children, indicating improved accuracy.
Background: This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of combining pepsinogen (PG I/II), gastrin-17 (G-17), and 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) for chronic gastritis in children using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Methods: Between June 2018 and August 2023, 65 children from Jun'an Branch Hospital of Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, diagnosed with chronic gastritis (chronic gastritis group), and 50 healthy children (control group) participated in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) determined serum levels of PG I, PG II, and G-17. Furthermore, 13C-UBT was performed for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection detection. Both groups underwent serological tests and gastroscopy. Results: Combined detection showed significantly higher positive rates than individual PG I/II or G-17 tests (P < 0.05), though comparable to 13C-UBT alone. Chronic gastritis patients exhibited elevated PG I, PG II, and G-17 levels versus controls (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified PG I (OR = 2.982, P = 0.011), G-17 (OR = 3.527, P = 0.0013), and 13C-UBT positivity (OR = 4.193, P = 0.002) as significant predictors. ROC analysis revealed AUCs of 0.673 (PG I), 0.792 (G-17), 0.814 (13C-UBT), and 0.887 (combined), with sensitivity ≥89% and specificity >76%. Conclusion: Serum PG I, G-17 detection, and 13C-UBT provided considerable predictive accuracy for chronic gastritis in children, and combination testing further improved diagnostic accuracy in this population.
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Gao et al. (2025) studied this question.
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