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This is a Observational study (also classified as: Literature Review).

August 22, 2025Janajyoti journal .Open Access

Trends in Nepal’s Linguistic Demography: Insights from the 2021 Census

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Indo-European languages, primarily Nepali, rose to 83.1% of the population by 2021, while Sino-Tibetan declined.
The proportion of Nepali as a mother-tongue fell from 58.3% in 1981 to 44.9% in 2021, indicating a trend of diversification.
The data source was the National Population and Housing Census of Nepal spanning from 1961 to 2021, detailing population and language representation.
Regional policies are needed to support minority languages in the face of increasing dominance of the Nepali language.

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Analysis reveals shifts in linguistic diversity and language family proportions in Nepal, suggesting policy changes.

Sharma et al. (2025) studied this question.

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