A Rare Case of Cavernous Haemangioma Mimicking Arteriovenous Malformation of the Arm

Cavernous haemangiomas are venous malformations that are commonly localised defects in the vasculature. These haemangiomas are typically asymptomatic but can adversely affect Quality of Life (QoL). Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) are also vascular defects with a congenital origin. AVMs are characterised by direct abnormal connections with high blood flow. Cavernous haemangiomas and AVMs can be differentiated using diagnostic modalities such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and computed tomography angiography. This case report aims to document a rare clinical presentation of cavernous venous malformations in a 30-year-old female presenting with swelling of the arm and intermittent pain for the past two years. This case illustrates an atypical presentation of cavernous haemangioma, which initially appeared as an AVM but was gradually confirmed to be a ‘cavernous haemangioma’. A 30-year-old female presented with complaints of swelling in her upper arm, which was managed by embolisation followed by surgical resection. The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathology. Histopathological examination played a crucial role in the definitive diagnosis. This case highlights a rare diagnostic challenge where imaging findings initially suggested an AVM, but histopathology confirmed a cavernous haemangioma, emphasising the importance of thorough diagnostic workup in vascular anomalies.