Research on morphology and mechanics of spoke monolayer cable net with large oval opening

To address limitations in existing form-finding and force-analysis methods for spoke-type single-layer cable nets, this study proposes a morphological integration analysis method integrating nodal equilibrium iteration and total strain theory. The framework systematically details nodal balance iteration principles, elemental strain theory, analytical algorithms, non-linear finite-element workflows and iterative strategies. Parametric models of elliptical spoke cable nets (EE type) were developed to investigate mechanical responses under varying parameters: radial cable counts (four configurations), cable layout strategies (two approaches), saddle-shaped surface height differences (six levels) and planar projection aspect ratios (five shapes). Results demonstrate that the simplified eight-cable model’s form-finding aligns with conventional methods, validating simultaneous acquisition of structural morphology and force distribution. Key findings include: (a) increasing radial cables significantly reduces unbalanced forces in ring cables; (b) optimal performance requires load-bearing cables along the short axis and stabilizing cables along the long axis, although layout strategies do not affect force distribution; (c) elevating outer ring height differences enhances stiffness but risks adverse effects at excessive levels; (d) aspect ratio critically influences radial cable force ranges, unbalanced ring forces, vertical stiffness, non-uniform deformation, support reactions and bending moments in external compression rings, necessitating controlled ratios in engineering applications.