Artificial Intelligence (AI) innovations are reshaping clinical pharmacy practices, particularly in medication management and patient counselling. Machine Learning algorithms analyze complex patient datasets to identify risk factors and optimize therapeutic interventions, while Natural Language Processing enables real-time patient communication through multilingual chatbots and virtual assistants. Predictive analytics harnesses patient data to anticipate medication adherence issues and potential adverse events, allowing pharmacists to implement targeted interventions. Novel technologies including generative AI, virtual reality, and augmented reality create immersive patient education experiences and enhance medication adherence. The integration of AI tools has demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes through personalized care plans, enhanced medication adherence monitoring, and streamlined clinical workflows. However, implementation challenges persist around data privacy, algorithmic bias, workflow integration, and establishing trust in AI recommendations. Looking ahead, hybrid human-AI counselling models, IoT-enabled real-time monitoring, and patient-centered design approaches represent promising directions for advancing clinical pharmacy services. Careful consideration of ethical implications and regulatory compliance remains essential as these technologies evolve. The true potential of AI in clinical pharmacy lies in augmenting pharmacist capabilities while maintaining focus on patient-centered, evidence-based care delivery
Anandharaj et al. (Tue,) studied this question.