Assessing the COVID-19-associated fungal infection in Western region of India

Objective: This study investigates the incidence and risk factors of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) among patients in the Western region of India. Mucormycosis has emerged as a severe complication in COVID-19 patients, especially those with underlying conditions such as diabetes. The objective was to assess the prevalence, co-infections, and predisposing factors contributing to the development of mucormycosis. Methods: A six-month case series was conducted at Metropolis Healthcare, Gujarat, involving 232 patients. Clinical samples were analyzed using fungal identification techniques, including microscopy and culture, to detect mucormycosis and associated fungal co-infections. Results: Of the 232 cases, 56.70% were confirmed mucormycosis, while 43.29% were classified as suspected. Co-infections were identified in 14 patients with both Aspergillus and Mucor spp., while 21 had Aspergillus spp. alone, and 2 had Candida spp. The most common infection sites were the nose and sinuses (57.14%), rhino-orbital areas (22.07%), and pulmonary regions (20.77%). A significant risk factor was diabetes, present in 80% of the patients, with many undergoing steroids therapy. Conclusion: COVID-19-associated mucormycosis presents a significant health risk, particularly in diabetic patients and those receiving steroid treatment. Early diagnosis and controlled use of steroids are crucial in mitigating the incidence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. These findings underline the importance of vigilant monitoring and timely interventions.