Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients in Sana'a City, Yemen

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for achieving viral suppression and improving the quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). However, suboptimal adherence remains a major barrier, especially in low-resource settings such as Yemen. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of adherence to ART and to identify factors associated with adherence among HIV/AIDS patients in Sana’a City, Yemen. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Republican Teaching Hospital in Sana’a. A total of 233 HIV-positive patients who had been receiving ART for at least six months were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews using a validated questionnaire. Statistical analysis included bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using SPSS version 27. Results: The overall ART adherence rate was 79.4%. Significant factors positively associated with adherence included female gender, satisfaction with family support, not skipping doses, rarely being away from home, and trust in healthcare providers. Factors such as depression, running out of pills, and transportation difficulties were significantly linked to non-adherence. Conclusion: ART adherence in this population was moderate. Strengthening psychosocial support, ensuring medication continuity, addressing mental health, and fo