How pacing patterns influence middle-distance performance

This study explores the impact of kinematic and physiological factors on middle-distance running performance to optimize training strategies. Six runners participated in experiments with three pacing patterns (F-S, Even, and S-F), monitored using a drone, camera, and tracking technology. VO2master measured oxygen uptake, and post-race PBLa and RPE were assessed. Results showed that the Even pattern had the lowest speed variation and most consistent trajectory. The running distances for the three pacing patterns were similar: F-S (807.30 ± 0.88 m), Even (806.52 ± 0.66 m), and S-F (806.37 ± 1.63 m). Although the Even strategy required less work, the F-S pattern had lower oxygen uptake, indicating higher efficiency. Heart rate and oxygen uptake stabilized fastest in the Even pattern, while the F-S pattern led to the lowest blood lactate (15.0 ± 2.56 mmol/L). The Even pacing is optimal for consistent performance, while F-S may optimize energy efficiency. This study emphasizes tailoring pacing strategies to an athlete’s profile, suggesting further research on personalized pacing to enhance performance.