Composite Georeferencing Method for Image Processing

Image georeferencing is the process of accurately mapping an image onto a geographic coordinate system. It is really crucial for applications in remote sensing, urban planning, environmental analysis, and historical research. Numerous studies have evaluated georeferencing methods for their accuracy, efficiency, and application suitability. This paper introduces a new approach, the Composite Georeferencing Method (CGM). The CGM begins by applying an Affine or Helmert transformation to align the image control points with their real-world geographic coordinates. Next, a stepwise interpolation process is implemented, utilizing three proposed influence factors: Linear, Cosine, and Tangent. Results indicate that CGM, using these influence factors, yields better outcomes compared to traditional Helmert and Affine methods. Within the first quarter of the maximum distance between points, the Cosine and Tangent Influence Factors show similar performance, while the Linear Influence Factor proves to be less effective. Beyond this point, the Cosine Influence Factor experiences a rapid decline in its effect, which enhances overall performance. In the final quarter of the distance range, the Cosine Influence Factor flattens, becoming negligible, indicating minimal influence of point displacement at longer distances.