Review emphasizes the role of rare earth elements in smartphones and clean energy applications.
Rare earth elements are the most important elements due to their special material properties. In this review article, we aim to highlight the importance of Rare-earth elements. These are used in smartphones, digital cameras, computer hard disks, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), computer monitors, flat-screen televisions, and electronic displays. It is used in the ceramic and glass industry for high-temperature materials for polishing, coating, decolouring, etc. They are also used as a permanent magnet, in X-ray tubes, as phosphors in colour television, for clean energy, and in defence technology
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Singh et al. (2025) studied this question.
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