The Kingdom of God on Earth: John Eliot’s Millenarian Vision for Native America

This study demonstrates that John Eliot’s mission to Native Americans was fundamentally driven by his millenarian understanding of the Kingdom of God. In contrast with interpretations that portray his ministry as motivated by cultural imperialism or economic interest, this paper argues that Eliot’s theological vision—particularly his belief in the imminent establishment of Christ’s earthly reign—was the primary impetus for his work. Through a close analysis of Eliot’s writings, including post-Restoration texts, this research reveals his consistent adherence to millenarianism across time. The findings are summarized in three key points: First, Eliot’s millenarianism is evident in his references to the kingdom of God, which he understood as opposed to earthly powers, governed by the Word of God, and advanced through human responsibility. Second, millenarianism not only initiated but also sustained his Indian mission beyond 1660. Third, Eliot’s millennial beliefs shaped his ethical posture toward Native Americans, contributing both to the disruption of traditional tribal structures and to his advocacy for Native protection during Metacom’s War.