Family Science Capital Factors Affecting Early Childhood Science Learning: A Systematic Review

This study investigated how family science capital—comprising cultural, practice, and social dimensions—shapes early childhood science learning. Despite growing interest in informal science education, prior research has often overlooked the complex, interactive, and context-dependent nature of family science capital. Using a four-dimensional learning framework and the PRISMA method, this review synthesized findings from 56 studies to show that family science capital plays a central role in children’s early science learning. It emphasizes the need to understand how different capital configurations shape outcomes and calls for targeted policy efforts to support disadvantaged families. Strengthening family science capital through collaborative, cross-sectoral strategies is essential for promoting equity and improving early science education.