Emerging Technologies to Transform Conventional Domains into Smart Industrial IoT: A Comprehensive Review

LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) contributes as a key technology in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). LoRaWAN receives consistent industrial attention due to its far-reaching long-range communication capability, low power consumption, and easy-to-adapt architecture, which requires minimal infrastructure costs. This paper provides more insightful information about LoRaWAN in IIoT, illustrating how LoRaWAN optimises operational efficiency, safety, remote data collection, and sustainability through its dynamic features in industrial settings. Additionally, this paper explores the integration of LoRaWAN with emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, edge computing, and blockchain. While this paper emphasizes the potential of promising trends in the IIoT ecosystem, it also explores relevant challenges like scalability, security, and interoperability that demand the need for continued research. The comparative analysis of recent research works highlights key technical parameters. It is helpful to critically examine the trade-offs between performance, scalability, and security, and address them with novel solutions. In summary, this paper offers valuable insights for industry professionals and researchers seeking to leverage LoRaWAN to advance the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).