Current State of Experimental Possibilities of Shock Wave Effects on Eyeball Structures

This work the structural features of the eyeball, along with the primary characteristics and sequential changes that occur after the impact of an explosive wave on the organ of vision. The above data indicate the significant challenges posed by traumatic and post-traumatic injuries to the structures of the eye socket, given the anatomical features of the eyeball. The development of post-traumatic injuries to the eyeball is directly dependent on the nature, severity, and extent of the damage, as well as their prolonged manifestations, which are individual and variable, significantly complicating rapid diagnosis and, consequently, the determination of treatment criteria. During combat, explosions are the primary cause of injuries and damage to the visual system. Among all injuries, the formation of hydrostatic shock and the passage of waves through the eye sockets are more characteristic of the eyeball. It has been noted that two-thirds of all combat-related injuries to the organ of vision are combined with injuries to other body areas. Therefore, it is natural that, on one hand, military ophthalmologists should possess a certain level of knowledge and skills in the staged treatment of general surgical injuries, and on the other hand, general surgeons encountering eye injuries in wartime should have knowledge of the traumatology of the organ of vision and the anatomical and physiological features of the human eyeball, as highlighted in this article. Additionally, we analyzed the current state of experimental model of blast-induced trauma. We did not analyze all the features of post-traumatic injuries to the eye socket structures after an explosive wave, as these questions will be addressed in future works.