Reproduction rate of Holstein cows and its dependence on herd age structure

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Analysis reveals service period influences fertility in Holstein cows, highlighting hidden offspring losses associated with age variability.

Higher reproduction rates rely on shorter service periods, with variations linked to cow age and milk yield.
Key fertility measures indicate high insemination needs, with 35.8% of cows requiring multiple attempts for fertilization.
Comparative analysis explored age impacts on reproductive performance in dairy herds, showing notable trends in service and interbody periods.
Results suggest stable reproductive performance at 115–120 days service period, but emphasize hidden calf losses from younger cow populations.

В. М. Гукежев (2025) studied this question.

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Analysis reveals service period influences fertility in Holstein cows, highlighting hidden offspring losses associated with age variability.