Component Analysis of Temperature Adjective Tymnyy (Cold) in Yakut

Low temperature is a functional and semantic concept of the Yakut language. The article introduces an attempt at a functional-semantic and cognitive analysis of adjectival nominations with temperature connotations aimed at identification, description, and systematization of components involved in low temperature semantics in the Yakut language. The concept of cold is inherent with the geocultural image of Yakutia, and its linguistic representations are popular in the speech of native Yakuts. The lexical content of the word tymnyy made it possible to describe the conceptualization of the idea of cold in the Yakut language worldview. The archiseme of having a cold temperature included the following semes: being in the cold; cooling, giving off cold or cold air; having cold; cooled down; not heated or insulated; not warming; not protecting from the cold; related to the North Pole; giving somebody a cold treatment. The process of temperature perception revealed the differences between the mechanisms of cognitive reflection and the principles of metaphorical transfer. As a nominative, tymnyy could combine with various lexical and semantic groups of verbs, i.e., existential verbs of causation, verbs of destructive physical impact, with verbs of strengthening or weakening the intensity of action, and verbs of emotional state. The nominative became an adverb with the help of some case and adverbial affixes, functioning as an adverb of manner (with verbs of relationship and interaction), place, time, cause and effect (with psycho-emotional verbs), spaciotemporal relations (with verbs of action and state), etc.