Association between Migraine and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Systematic Review

This study aims to assess the available evidence regarding the association between migraine and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A comprehensive search of four databases led to the discovery of 611 relevant publications. After eliminating duplicates and assessing each article for relevance, 301 full-text articles were examined, and ultimately, 7 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Seven studies were included, with a total of 721,176 patients with migraine and 318,498 (44.2%) with comorbid gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (e.g., IBS, peptic ulcers). Across the included studies, IBS prevalence ranged from 2.7% to 87.7%, with higher rates found in studies using Rome IV criteria. Migraine was consistently associated with increased odds of having IBS. The association remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Mendelian randomization suggested a potential causal direction from IBS to migraine. There is strong evidence of a significant association between migraine and IBS. Clinicians should consider screening for both conditions in affected patients. Further research is needed to clarify causality and develop integrated treatment approaches.