Economic reform represents one of the most prominent tools employed by developing countries to address structural imbalances in their economies and to achieve more sustainable and inclusive growth rates. Egypt stands as a significant example in this context, having experienced multiple waves of economic reform, most notably since the mid-1990s, with a deeper institutionalization following the launch of the comprehensive economic reform program in November 2016 in collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This research aims to analyse the relationship between economic reform programs and the overall performance of the Egyptian economy during the period 2005–2023, with a particular focus on economic growth and national investment as key indicators of sustainable development. The study employs econometric analysis of a set of macroeconomic variables affecting GDP, using models of simple linear regression, as well as multiple regression in its standard, logarithmic, and stepwise forms. The analysis is based on accurate official data sourced from national and international institutions. The findings reveal that per capita GDP and final consumption are the most influential variables affecting national investment, while the relationship with total GDP exhibited an unconventional inverse pattern. The econometric models further highlight the importance of equitable growth distribution and the enhancement of real incomes, rather than focusing solely on aggregate growth figures. The study concludes by recommending a redirection of economic policies toward improving the quality of growth, strengthening domestic consumption, and fostering an investment-friendly environment that supports sustainable development.
Ghetany et al. (Tue,) studied this question.