Monitoring of Livestock on Large-Scale Areas using Aerospace Data and IoT Technologies

This article explores innovative solutions for developing a remote-control system to monitor cattle in vast, remote areas that are inaccessible to humans. The system, utilizing Internet of Things and geofencing technologies, enables farmers to reduce manual labor, track lost livestock, and effectively utilize pasture resources. Advanced technologies, including GPS, ultrasonic sensors, databases, antennas, and Arduino microcontrollers, were utilised in this system. Additionally, methods for assessing vegetation cover in pastures and their nutritional productivity using vegetation indices, such as NDVI, were also analysed. The research results show that the proposed solution enables increased efficiency in livestock management, as well as optimisation of energy and time costs. This, along with creating conveniences for farmers, will serve to improve the health and productivity of livestock.