Intracranial suppurations in children at Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital of Lomé: a retrospective study

Introduction Intracranial suppurations, encompassing brain abscesses and empyemas, are life-threatening conditions requiring prompt diagnosis and management. This study aims to analyze the epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic outcomes of pediatric intracranial suppurations at Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital. Methods A retrospective review of pediatric cases (1–17 years old) operated on for intracranial suppuration between January 2019 and June 2021 was conducted. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological, microbiological, and therapeutic data were analyzed. Results Eighteen cases met the inclusion criteria (61.1% male, 38.9% female). The mean age was 13.56 ± 3.71 years. Common symptoms included headaches (100%), fever (61.1%), and Bergman’s triad (49.6%). ENT infections were the primary source (55.5%). Diagnoses included cerebral empyema (61.1%), brain abscess (22.2%), and an association of empyema and abscess (16.7%). Surgical interventions included burr hole drainage (50%), trephination (33.3%), and craniotomy (16.7%). The mortality rate was 5.5% (resulting in one death). Pathogens were identified in 22.2% of cases, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus B being the most common. Conclusion Intracranial suppurations in children remain a significant health challenge, complicated by delayed diagnosis and financial constraints. Improved access to early treatment for ENT infections and neuroimaging could enhance outcomes.