Computational modeling of magnetic hyperthermia for liver tumor treatment on an anatomically realistic phantom

A comprehensive computational model was developed to simulate magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), incorporating a realistic 3D human liver model with an irregular-shaped tumor. It provides an accurate and clinically relevant framework for effective treatment planning. The entire process of MFH, including nanofluid injection, diffusion, magnetic field generation, heat transfer, and subsequent tissue necrosis, is appropriately modeled and thoroughly analyzed. The generated magnetic field, produced by a system of 20 circular copper coils, achieved a maximum intensity of 2.57 kA/m (34.60 Oe) and a maximum flux density of 3.46e-3 T within the tumor region. The temperature distribution within the tumor reached a peak of approximately 53.6°C, resulting in significant tumor cell necrosis. The model accurately predicted the temporal and the spatial evolution of temperature, which was validated by comparing with the experimental measurements of hyperthermia in animal tumors. The nanoparticle diffusion profile was also validated against an analytical solution.