Research Advances and Treatment of Risk Factors for Postoperative Urosepsis Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment for complex upper urinary tract stones and large-burden (diameter >2 cm) or multiple renal calculi, offering advantages such as higher efficacy, minimal invasiveness, and faster recovery compared to traditional surgery. However, it carries a significant risk of urosepsis. Currently, the incidence of urosepsis associated with urinary stones has not declined despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, remaining one of the most critical complications in urology. Its high mortality rate poses significant challenges to clinicians. This article reviews the potential risk factors and therapeutic approaches for post-PCNL urosepsis.