Application of Integration of Transfer Learning and BIM Technology in Prefabricated Building Design Optimization

With the continuous maturation of prefabricated buildings, the errors and efficiency issues in the design of prefabricated buildings have gradually drawn the attention of architectural designers. The characteristics of standardized design for prefabricated buildings also provide a foundation for the application of computer-learning methods in the field of architectural design, thereby improving design quality and efficiency. This study combined BIM technology to construct the information data on prefabricated buildings, applied the transfer-learning method to build the training model, and utilized the traditional architectural design collision concept to construct a prediction model applicable to the collision detection of prefabricated building design. The training set and test set were constructed in a 9:1 ratio, and the loss function and accuracy function were calculated. The error rate of the model was verified to be within 10% through trial calculations based on engineering cases. The results show that, in the selected engineering cases, the collision detection accuracy of the model reached 90.3%, with an average absolute error (MAE) of 0.199 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.245. The prediction error rate was controlled within 10%, representing an approximately 65% improvement in efficiency compared to traditional manual inspections. This method significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of collision detection, providing reliable technical support for the optimization of prefabricated building design.