The heart-brain crosstalk in age related cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases

Aging is a major risk factor for both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The bidirectional communication between the heart and brain, commonly referred to as heart-brain crosstalk, is increasingly disrupted with age. In this review, we summarize current evidence linking cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in the context of aging. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for the heart-brain crosstalk, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, vascular dysfunction, nervous system alterations, inflammation, and endocrine dysregulation, which may explain the frequent co-occurrence of dysfunction in both organs during aging. Understanding these interconnections provides critical insights into the pathophysiology of age-related diseases and highlights potential therapeutic targets to preserve both heart and brain health in the aging population.