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Climate-friendly Reform of Bilateral Investment Treaties: Background, Current Situation and Approaches

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Analysis reveals the urgent need for climate-friendly reforms in bilateral investment treaties, aiming to balance governance with investor interests.

Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) play a critical role in global climate governance, needing immediate reforms to address outdated protections.
Old-generation investment treaties make up a large portion of existing BITs, which limits their effectiveness in current climate strategies.
Reforming BITs can serve as a practical response to climate change, particularly benefiting the interests of developing countries.
Emphasizing sustainable development and balancing climate justice with investment protection is vital for effective treaty reforms.

Hongbing Ouyang (2025) studied this question.

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Analysis reveals the urgent need for climate-friendly reforms in bilateral investment treaties, aiming to balance governance with investor interests.