Երկրաջերմային ջերմային պոմպային կայանների կիրառման ուսումնասիրությունը շինությունների ջեռուցման և հովացման համակարգերում / Study of the Application of Geothermal Heat Pump Stations in Heating and Air Conditioning Systems of Buildings

Geothermal heat pumps (GHP) have been widely used in residential and public buildings due to their high energy efficiency and environmental performance. This article presents a literature review on the developments of GHPs. It provides the operating principle of GHPs, as well as detailed descriptions of surface water-based (SWGHP), groundwater-based (GWGHP), and geothermal (GHP) heat pumps. The most common current models for vertical ground heat exchangers and models for ground thermal response tests are presented, including heat exchange processes inside and outside boreholes. Information on a new groundwater-based heat pump (GWGHP) is also examined, which uses a specially designed heat exchanger, and the possibility of achieving higher energy efficiency through combined heating and cooling with GHP is presented. Additionally, a brief overview is given of the energy, economic, and environmental performance of closed-loop GHPs. It has been found that GHP technology can be used in both cold and hot climate zones, with significant energy-saving potential.