Phosphoinositide 3-kinase is associated to the nucleus of HL-60 cells and is involved in their ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases), a class of enzymes implicated in growth factor-induced mitogenic response and many other intracellular signalling pathways, act by phosphorylation at the D-3’-OH position of the myo-inositol ring of phosphoinositides. The products of these reactions, 3-phosphoinositides, are not substrates of any known phospholipase C, are not components of the canonical phosphoinositide turnover and are now regarded as important second messengers, whose downstream effects are implicated in many processes including regulation of the cell cycle, cellular transformation, vesicle transport and reorganisation of the cytoskeleton.