Research shows pesticide exposure disrupts neurotransmitter levels in catla catla, indicating ecological risk in freshwater.
The present study investigates the impact of three commonly used pesticides—lindane, fenitrothion, and carbofuran—on the physiological activities of the freshwater fish Catla catla collected from the River Ganga at Ghazipur District. Biochemical assessments revealed significant alterations in neurotransmitter levels, including nor-epinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) across cerebellum, medulla, and cortex after 96 hours of pesticide exposure. Lindane caused marked depletion of NE and DA in cerebellum and medulla, but increased levels in cortex, while fenitrothion and carbofuran induced distinct patterns, with carbofuran showing the most severe depletion of 5-HT, particularly in the medulla. ATPase activity in gill tissues showed dose-dependent inhibition, with carbofuran causing the greatest suppression of total, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPases. Lactic acid and water content in tissues also exhibited pesticide-specific variations. Histopathological analysis revealed structural damages in gill, liver, kidney, and intestine, including lamellar fusion, hepatocyte degeneration, tubular necrosis, and mucosal erosion. The integrated biochemical, enzymatic, and histopathological data demonstrate that these pesticides disrupt central nervous regulation, impair osmoregulatory function, and cause significant tissue damage in Catla catla, indicating high ecological risk to aquatic fauna in pesticide-contaminated river ecosystems.
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Giri et al. (2022) studied this question.
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