Cancer Epidemiology in Albania: Insights, Challenges, and Future Directions

Background: Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While Albania historically reports a lower cancer incidence than Western Europe, its mortality-to-incidence ratio remains high, suggesting challenges in early detection and treatment access. Methods: We analyzed data from global and regional cancer databases, national health reports, and literature sources, comparing Albania’s cancer trends with neighboring Balkan countries. The study examined incidence, mortality, risk factors, and screening programs. Results: Albania’s cancer incidence rate remains lower than the European average, but its mortality rate is disproportionately high. Lung cancer remains the most prevalent, linked to high smoking rates, while breast, stomach, colorectal, and bladder cancers are also significant. Limited national screening programs, late-stage diagnoses, and healthcare disparities contribute to this trend. A major challenge is the lack of a national cancer registry, leading to underreporting and data fragmentation. Conclusion: Strengthening Albania’s cancer registry, expanding screening programs, and improving oncologic care infrastructure are crucial. Future efforts should focus on cost-effective prevention strategies, improved data collection, and regional collaborations.