An innovative method for computing static corrections using seismic reflection horizons analysis

Seismic exploration faces significant challenges due to the physical parameters and geometric complexity of near-surface layers, making their modeling essential for accurately calculating static corrections. These corrections are crucial for preserving the image of geological structures represented by seismic reflectors. However, obtaining key physical parameters, such as the replacement velocity of the substrate and the velocities and thicknesses of near-surface layers, remains challenging. This study proposes a novel approach that addresses the issue in an alternative way. The innovative calculation method allows the direct computation of static corrections, relying solely on the structural analysis of seismic horizons in the near-trace section. Notably, this approach does not require prior knowledge of the weathered zone model. The application of this method to both simulated and real reflection seismic data demonstrates its potential and effectiveness. The static corrections derived from this approach significantly improve seismic image quality and eliminate abnormal regional static corrections compared to calibrated refraction static corrections. Furthermore, this method does not require calibration with borehole data, simplifying the process and representing a significant advantage over traditional methods. In summary, this innovative approach provides an effective solution to the challenges of near-surface layer modeling, delivering substantial improvements quantitatively—through time and effort savings, and reduced error—and qualitatively by enhancing data quality, ensuring consistency with geological realities, and enabling more reliable geological interpretations.