Multi-stage analysis identifies performance gaps in sustainable development across Indian states, suggesting resource efficiency implications.
Efficient resource utilization is vital for sustainable development. This study evaluates resource use and outputs across Indian states and Union Territories (UTs) to identify performance gaps and high achievers. A three‐stage framework is employed, accounting for differences in state sizes. The first stage uses the Malmquist Index (MI) to analyze year‐over‐year variations in Sustainable Development (SD) performance. The second stage applies the Slack‐Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM‐DEA) model to assess Technical Efficiency (TE) and classify regions as efficient or inefficient. The third stage uses a Tobit regression model to identify key factors influencing SD outcomes. Results show large states like Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Telangana are improving, while Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir lead among smaller states. Large states outperform smaller ones (mean MI = 0.973 vs. 0.957). Electricity consumption, capital expenditure, and labor force participation rate (LFPR) influence larger states, while LFPR is key for smaller ones.
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Gurjar et al. (2025) studied this question.
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