A game-changing model for harnessing the potential of virtual reality in the construction industry

Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly recognized as a transformative technology in the construction industry, offering numerous benefits. However, its adoption faces challenges, particularly in developing countries, where various barriers impede effective implementation. This study aims to bridge this gap by introducing a statistical model that examines the relationship between overcoming VR Challenges (VRCs) and realizing VR Benefits (VRBEs) in these regions. The study is conducted in four phases: the first two phases involve systematic searches and scientometric analyses to provide a comprehensive assessment of VR in construction. The third phase includes a questionnaire survey targeting industry practitioners to evaluate VRCs and VRBEs. The final phase employs exploratory factor analysis to categorize VRCs, followed by Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses and examine variable correlations. Additionally, the Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking using the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) is utilized to prioritize VRCs and VRBEs. The PLS-SEM findings reveal that overcoming VRCs has a positive and significant impact on realizing VRBEs. Moreover, the MARCOS results indicate that the lack of technical expertise emerges as the most important challenge, while the incorporation of the labor process is identified as the leading benefit during the pre-contract stage. This research offers valuable insights for construction industry stakeholders, providing a framework to effectively integrate VR into organizational practices and enhance project outcomes.