The digital economy around the world relies on data centres which are crucial today. Since cloud computing, AI and data are now needed more than ever, energy consumption has risen rapidly and sustainability has become extremely important. Data centres use an unreasonable amount of electricity on a global scale, which has put their carbon emissions in the spotlight of environmental concerns. This review covers new technologies and ways of operating data centers that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from these major digital service providers. The massive amount of energy used by data centres globally highlights the essential need of sustainable practices in this industry. The article covers important measures that reduce environmental consequences and increase energy efficiency. Virtualisation, energy-efficient gear, renewable energy integration, and advanced cooling systems are all part of these initiatives. Additionally, it highlights the role of performance metrics like Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE), and Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) in guiding sustainable operations. Though there has been progress, the absence of standard evaluation tools and slow adoption of best practices is still holding back the full achievement of carbon-neutral data centers. The paper stresses the need for collaboration, openness and innovative design in improving the sustainability of data centers
Yash Muni (Wed,) studied this question.