Clinical Study of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with numerous complications affecting multiple organ systems. Among these, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are commonly observed but often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Understanding the prevalence and patterns of these symptoms in diabetic individuals is crucial for optimizing clinical management. In this study, the frequency of GI symptoms in individuals with DM was assessed, and their relationship to antidiabetic drugs, the length of diabetes, and glycemia control was investigated. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 200 diabetic patients at a tertiary care hospital. Detailed medical histories were recorded, and participants underwent laboratory investigations, including HbA1c levels. Statistical analyses were performed to determine associations between GI symptoms and various clinical parameters. Among the 200 participants, 67.5% reported at least one GI symptom. The most common symptoms were fecal incontinence (37%), nausea and vomiting (34.5%), abdominal bloating (33.5%), and constipation (32.5%). Poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥9.0%) was significantly associated with increased prevalence of GI symptoms (P < 0.01). Biguanides (metformin) were the most frequently prescribed antidiabetic drug (93%), but no significant association was found between specific oral hypoglycemia agents and GI symptoms. GI symptoms are highly prevalent in diabetic patients, with poor glycemic control playing a major role in their occurrence. Routine screening for GI symptoms should be incorporated into diabetes management to improve quality of life and treatment adherence.