Experimental analysis shows that decreasing output mirror reflectivity affects HG mode symmetry, indicating potential for vortex beam applications.
The dependence of the symmetries of Hermite-Gaussian (HG) mode on system loss is theoretically analyzed through intracavity resonant mode superpositions. In the experiments, asymmetrical HGm,0 modes of m=0-9 are obtained using an off- axis pumped Nd: YVO4 laser with different output mirror reflectivities, and their symmetries are quantitatively analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that as the output mirror reflectivity decreases from 95% to 81%, 60%, and 50%, the symmetries of the HG mode reach 93%, 70%, 43%, and 14%, respectively, consistent with numerical simulation results. The symmetry of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam obtained through an astigmatic mode converter (AMC) is almost identical to that of HG. Furthermore, the output powers of asymmetrical LG modes with different transverse orders exceed 1 W with a pump power of 6.36 W. These high-power asymmetrical LG modes are useful in the research of asymmetrical vortex beams.
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Xu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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